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Unconsciousness

Loss of consciousness is a result of various conditions for example head injuries, poisoning, shock and heart failure. Levels of consciousness vary:

Conscious
The person can open their eyes, speak clearly and firmly grip your hand if asked to do so. They are able to, either verbally or by facial expression, indicate whether they are experiencing pain.

Semi-Conscious
The person may be able to open their eyes when spoken to, and speech may be confused and not easily understood. They may not have the same firm grip and other muscular functions may be affected.

Unconscious
The person can not open their eyes, will not be able to speak or show any reaction to pain.

Care of the Unconscious Casualty

• Check carefully for neck or back injuries
  
• Place an unconscious, breathing person on their side in the recovery position to prevent them from swallowing their tongue, or to prevent obstruction of the airway in case of vomiting
  
• Monitor breathing, be prepared to assist if breathing becomes difficult or stops.
  
• Assess the casualty for other injuries that might have caused them to lose consciousness and apply First Aid if necessary.
  
• Make a note of any changes in the level of consciousness, including the times at which these changes occurred.
  
• Do not give anything to eat or drink
• Do not leave an unconscious casualty unattended except in extreme emergencies. If you must leave to attend to other casualties, summon a bystander to keep an eye on the unconscious person.

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